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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koč́kaltam | om koč́kalt |
| 2SG: | koč́kaltat | ot koč́kalt |
| 3SG: | koč́kalteš | ok/ogeš koč́kalt |
| 1PL: | koč́kaltə̑na | ona/ogə̑na koč́kalt |
| 2PL: | koč́kaltə̑da | oda/ogə̑da koč́kalt |
| 3PL: | koč́kaltə̑t | ogə̑t koč́kalt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koč́kaltə̑m | šə̑m koč́kalt |
| 2SG: | koč́kaltə̑č́ | šə̑č́ koč́kalt |
| 3SG: | koč́kalte | ə̑š koč́kalt |
| 1PL: | koč́kaltna | ə̑šna koč́kalt |
| 2PL: | koč́kaltda | ə̑šda koč́kalt |
| 3PL: | koč́kaltə̑č́ | ə̑št koč́kalt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koč́kaltə̑nam | koč́kaltə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | koč́kaltə̑nat | koč́kaltə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | koč́kaltə̑n | koč́kaltə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | koč́kaltə̑nna | koč́kaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | koč́kaltə̑nda | koč́kaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | koč́kaltə̑nə̑t | koč́kaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koč́kaltam ə̑l'e | om koč́kalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koč́kaltat ə̑l'e | ot koč́kalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koč́kalteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš koč́kalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koč́kaltə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na koč́kalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koč́kaltə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da koč́kalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koč́kaltə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t koč́kalt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koč́kaltam ulmaš | om koč́kalt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | koč́kaltat ulmaš | ot koč́kalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koč́kalteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš koč́kalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | koč́kaltə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na koč́kalt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | koč́kaltə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da koč́kalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koč́kaltə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t koč́kalt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koč́kaltə̑nam ə̑l'e | koč́kaltə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koč́kaltə̑nat ə̑l'e | koč́kaltə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koč́kaltə̑n ə̑l'e | koč́kaltə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koč́kaltə̑nna ə̑l'e | koč́kaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koč́kaltə̑nda ə̑l'e | koč́kaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koč́kaltə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | koč́kaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koč́kaltə̑nam ulmaš | koč́kaltə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | koč́kaltə̑nat ulmaš | koč́kaltə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koč́kaltə̑n ulmaš | koč́kaltə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | koč́kaltə̑nna ulmaš | koč́kaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | koč́kaltə̑nda ulmaš | koč́kaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koč́kaltə̑nə̑t ulmaš | koč́kaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koč́kalt | it koč́kalt |
| 3SG: | koč́kaltše | ə̑nže koč́kalt |
| 1PL: | (koč́kaltə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na koč́kalt) |
| 2PL: | koč́kaltsa | ida koč́kalt |
| 3PL: | koč́kaltə̑št | ə̑nə̑št koč́kalt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koč́kaltnem | ə̑nem koč́kalt |
| 2SG: | koč́kaltnet | ə̑net koč́kalt |
| 3SG: | koč́kaltneže | ə̑než koč́kalt |
| 1PL: | koč́kaltnena | ə̑nena koč́kalt |
| 2PL: | koč́kaltneda | ə̑neda koč́kalt |
| 3PL: | koč́kaltnešt | ə̑nešt koč́kalt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koč́kaltnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem koč́kalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koč́kaltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net koč́kalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koč́kaltneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než koč́kalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koč́kaltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena koč́kalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koč́kaltneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda koč́kalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koč́kaltnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt koč́kalt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koč́kaltnet ulmaš | ə̑net koč́kalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koč́kaltneže ulmaš | ə̑než koč́kalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | koč́kaltneda ulmaš | ə̑neda koč́kalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koč́kaltnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt koč́kalt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | koč́kaltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | koč́kaltman |
| Active participle: | koč́kaltše |
| Passive participle: | koč́kaltme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | koč́kaltšaš |
| Negative participle: | koč́kaltdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | koč́kaltə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | koč́kaltde |
| Gerund of prior action: | koč́kaltmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | koč́kaltmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | koč́kaltšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | koč́kaltmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | koč́kaltdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||